paraphrase

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1.     FLUID VISCOSITY

      i.         Spherical object as well as the liquid (corn oil) for the experiment was selected.

     ii.         The sphere’s density was calculated by dividing mass by the volume of the sphere, mass was measured using a balance and volume was determined.

   iii.         The mass of the corn oil was measured by first weighing the empty graduated cylinder. The liquid was poured into the graduated cylinder and measured again.

   iv.         The mass of the empty cylinder was subtracted from the cylinder with the corn oil to obtain the mass of the liquid.

     v.         The volume of the corn oil was found by using the scale on the side of the cylinder.

   vi.         The density of the corn oil that was used was then calculated by dividing the mass of liquid by the volume.

  vii.         The graduated cylinder was filled with the corn oil to be measured and a mark was made at a fixed position at the top of the cylinder, somewhere below the top of the liquid.

viii.         The distance from the top mark to the bottom mark was measured using a meter stick.

    ix.         The ball was dropped into the liquid.

     x.         The stop watch was started when the bottom of the ball reaches the top mark on the cylinder and stopped when the ball reaches the mark at the bottom of the cylinder.

    xi.         Velocity of the sphere as well as its terminal velocity were calculated.

  xii.         The information that were obtained during the experiment were plugged into the Stokes’ equation in order to get the unknown value of viscosity.  

2.     FLASH POINT TESTING

      i.         40 Ml of the liquid under investigation was poured into a test cup.

     ii.         The cup is closed with the lid which has a stirrer

   iii.         The sample liquid was heated directly and gradually while stirring gradually and thoroughly.

   iv.         The lid was removed when the temperature was very near to the expected flash point and a test flame inserted momentarily in the vapor space.

     v.         The procedure was repeated every time increasing the temperature of the sample and introducing a test flame till the vapor caught fire.

   vi.         The lowest temperature at which the vapor caught fire was recorded to be the flash point.

3.     THERMOCOUPLE

      i.         The two layers of insulation were removed from the pair of wires for about half an inch of length.

     ii.         Aluminum shielding was also stripped till the length where the outer insulation has been stripped.

   iii.         The thermocouple wire was held securely near where the insulation was stripped and the two bare sections of the wire were twisted four times using the other hand. Needle-nose pliers was used to twist the wires once again.

   iv.         The two ends of the wires were trimmed off to prevent them from sticking out at an angle.

     v.         Small amount of solder was applied to the twisted wires to ensure they maintain good contact.

   vi.         The exposed thermocouple wires were then insulated to prevent any power surge from occurring.

  vii.         Around 2 inches of an electrical tape was wrapped around the exposed metal of the thermocouple so that metal was completely covered.

viii.         About a quarter an inch of the insulation was removed from the wire and outer layer stripped to additional 3/8 inch.

    ix.         The tips of each wire was bend in clockwise direction using a needle-nose pliers.

     x.         The bare, curved end of the blue copper was placed in the matching screw on the plug with the help of a screw driver.

    xi.         The same process was repeated for the red copper wire.

  xii.         The plug cover was replaced.

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