01 Oct Which theory of attention posits that selection occurs after all incoming stimuli have been identified?

Which theory of attention posits that selection occurs after all incoming stimuli have been identified?

 

ention.

 

  attenuation theory

 

  late selection theory

 

  early selection theory

 

  All theories of attention make this assumption.

 

 Question 2The term ________ is typically associated with the physiological processes that underlie information intake, while the term ________ is typically associated with the interpretation and organization of incoming information.

 

  top-down processing; bottom-up processing

 

  bottom-up processing; top-down processing

 

  sensation; perception

 

  perception; sensation

 

 Question 3The higher cognitive processes, such as remembering, planning, and deciding are located in:

 

  the cerebral cortex.

 

  the midbrain.

 

  the hindbrain.

 

  none of the above.

 

 Question 4Metacognition refers to:

 

  the role that emotion plays in cognition.

 

  the fact that we have evolved particular cognitive tendencies and abilities.

 

  the role that the body plays in thinking.

 

  the knowledge we have about our own cognitive processes.

 

 Question 5The notion of an affordance – – that certain objects or structures offer particular “action possibilities” (i.e., sitting) — fits nicely with which theoretical approach?

 

  constructive view of perception

 

  direct view of perception

 

  Gestalt principles of organization

 

  top-down processing

 

Question 6You set out from your living room to go down to the basement to get something. When you get to the basement, you forget what you have walked down there to get. What kind of action slip is this?

 

  description error

 

  associative activation error

 

  capture error

 

  loss of activation error

 

 Question 7Our tendency to group elements that occur at the same time is called:

 

  common fate.

 

  similarity.

 

  closure.

 

  synchrony.

 

 Question 8Noam Chomsky:

 

  proposed that language can be accounted for solely based on S-R principles.

 

  sharply criticized Skinner’s view of language learning.

 

  proposed that language learning is dependent on automatic self-reinforcement.

 

  saw no need for the concept of mental representations in explaining language.

 

 Question 9Drifting toward the center line while trying to retrieve the cell phone you dropped on the car floor would be an example of a deficit in what level of task, as described by the Groeger (1999) framework?

 

  operational

 

  tactical

 

  strategic

 

  planning

 

 Question 10The identification of a stimulus with the help of context, previous knowledge, and/or expectations is called:

 

  top-down processing.

 

  bottom-up processing.

 

  materialism.

 

  phenomenal consciousness.

 

 Question 11The sense of subjective awareness of what our mind is currently doing is termed:

 

  access consciousness.

 

  phenomenal consciousness.

 

  metacognition.

 

  unconsciousness.

 

 Question 12A speech perception effect in which visual information conflicts with auditory signals, changing the perceived speech sound is called:

 

  the averaging effect.

 

  synesthesia.

 

  the ventriloquist effect.

 

  the McGurk effect.

 

 Question 13The behaviorists claimed that in order for learning to take place, you need to have________ and ________. It turns out ________ is (are) absolutely necessary.

 

  mental representations; motivation; neither

 

  mental representations; motivation; only mental representations

 

  response and reinforcement; neither

 

  response and reinforcement; only reinforcement

 

 Question 14Post-attentive processes:

 

  require little attention.

 

  occur before attention is focused.

 

  are effortful and conscious.

 

  would include the perceptual grouping processes proposed by Gestalt psychologists.

 

 Question 15Research on split-brain patients reveals that:

 

  the left hemisphere typically specializes in verbal processing, while the right hemisphere specializes in spatial tasks

 

  the left hemisphere typically specializes in spatial tasks, while the right hemisphere specializes in verbal processing

 

  people who have had their corpus callosum severed have a great deal of difficulty functioning in everyday life

 

  for normal people, there is no difference between the functioning of the left and right hemispheres

 

The answer can be found in Section 1.4 Psychology A.D

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